Techniques for throughput-constrained beam management

ABSTRACT

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may estimate, for each beam at one or more beam levels on one or more antenna panels, an application layer throughput based at least in part on a reference signal received power measurement, wherein the one or more beam levels are each associated with a number of antenna elements. The UE may generate a set of candidate beams that includes, at each of the one or more beam levels, one or more beams for which the respective estimated application layer throughput satisfies an application layer throughput requirement. The UE may select, from the set of candidate beams, a serving beam for which the estimated application layer throughput satisfies the application layer throughput requirement with a fewest number of antenna elements. Numerous other aspects are described.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wirelesscommunication and to techniques and apparatuses for beam managementbased on spectral efficiency.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth,transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-accesstechnologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, timedivision multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multipleaccess (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multipleaccess (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE).LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by theThird Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include one or more base stations that supportcommunication for a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE maycommunicate with a base station via downlink communications and uplinkcommunications. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to a communication link fromthe base station to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to acommunication link from the UE to the base station.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and/orglobal level. New Radio (NR), which may be referred to as 5G, is a setof enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NRis designed to better support mobile broadband internet access byimproving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services,making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other openstandards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with acyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and/orsingle-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known asdiscrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, aswell as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobilebroadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR,and other radio access technologies remain useful.

SUMMARY

Some aspects described herein relate to a user equipment (UE) forwireless communication. The UE may include a memory and one or moreprocessors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may beconfigured to estimate, for each beam at one or more beam levels on oneor more antenna panels, an application layer throughput based at leastin part on a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, whereinthe one or more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements. The one or more processors may be configured to generate a setof candidate beams that includes, at each of the one or more beamlevels, one or more beams for which the respective estimated applicationlayer throughput satisfies an application layer throughput requirement.The one or more processors may be configured to select, from the set ofcandidate beams, a serving beam for which the estimated applicationlayer throughput satisfies the application layer throughput requirementwith a fewest number of antenna elements.

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wirelesscommunication performed by a UE. The method may include estimating, foreach beam at one or more beam levels on one or more antenna panels, anapplication layer throughput based at least in part on an RSRPmeasurement, wherein the one or more beam levels are each associatedwith a number of antenna elements. The method may include generating aset of candidate beams that includes, at each of the one or more beamlevels, one or more beams for which the respective estimated applicationlayer throughput satisfies an application layer throughput requirement.The method may include selecting, from the set of candidate beams, aserving beam for which the estimated application layer throughputsatisfies the application layer throughput requirement with a fewestnumber of antenna elements.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wirelesscommunication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one ormore processors of the UE, may cause the UE to estimate, for each beamat one or more beam levels on one or more antenna panels, an applicationlayer throughput based at least in part on an RSRP measurement, whereinthe one or more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements. The set of instructions, when executed by one or moreprocessors of the UE, may cause the UE to generate a set of candidatebeams that includes, at each of the one or more beam levels, one or morebeams for which the respective estimated application layer throughputsatisfies an application layer throughput requirement. The set ofinstructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, maycause the UE to select, from the set of candidate beams, a serving beamfor which the estimated application layer throughput satisfies theapplication layer throughput requirement with a fewest number of antennaelements.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus may include means for estimating, for eachbeam at one or more beam levels on one or more antenna panels, anapplication layer throughput based at least in part on an RSRPmeasurement, wherein the one or more beam levels are each associatedwith a number of antenna elements. The apparatus may include means forgenerating a set of candidate beams that includes, at each of the one ormore beam levels, one or more beams for which the respective estimatedapplication layer throughput satisfies an application layer throughputrequirement. The apparatus may include means for selecting, from the setof candidate beams, a serving beam for which the estimated applicationlayer throughput satisfies the application layer throughput requirementwith a fewest number of antenna elements.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer programproduct, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, basestation, wireless communication device, and/or processing system assubstantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated bythe drawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposesof illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitsof the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can beunderstood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarizedabove, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustratedin the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appendeddrawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure andare therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for thedescription may admit to other equally effective aspects. The samereference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similarelements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station incommunication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating examples of beam management procedures,in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIGS. 4A-4B are diagrams illustrating examples associated withthroughput-constrained beam management, in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example process associated withthroughput-constrained beam management, in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication,in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafterwith reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may,however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construedas limited to any specific structure or function presented throughoutthis disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that thisdisclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey thescope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in theart should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended tocover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implementedindependently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure.For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may bepracticed using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition,the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus ormethod which is practiced using other structure, functionality, orstructure and functionality in addition to or other than the variousaspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood thatany aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one ormore elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses andtechniques will be described in the following detailed description andillustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules,components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like(collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may beimplemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whethersuch elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem.

While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonlyassociated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT),aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such asa 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100,in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 maybe or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and/or a 4G (e.g.,Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wirelessnetwork 100 may include one or more base stations 110 (shown as a BS 110a, a BS 110 b, a BS 110 c, and a BS 110 d), a user equipment (UE) 120 ormultiple UEs 120 (shown as a UE 120 a, a UE 120 b, a UE 120 c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120 e), and/or other network entities. A base station 110 isan entity that communicates with UEs 120. A base station 110 (sometimesreferred to as a BS) may include, for example, an NR base station, anLTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G),an access point, and/or a transmission reception point (TRP). Each basestation 110 may provide communication coverage for a particulargeographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), theterm “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a base station 110 and/or abase station subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on thecontext in which the term is used.

A base station 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell,a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell maycover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers inradius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with servicesubscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic areaand may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscription.A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home)and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with thefemto cell (e.g., UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A basestation 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro base station.A base station 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico basestation. A base station 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as afemto base station or an in-home base station. In the example shown inFIG. 1 , the BS 110 a may be a macro base station for a macro cell 102a, the BS 110 b may be a pico base station for a pico cell 102 b, andthe BS 110 c may be a femto base station for a femto cell 102 c. A basestation may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.

In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and thegeographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a basestation 110 that is mobile (e.g., a mobile base station). In someexamples, the base stations 110 may be interconnected to one anotherand/or to one or more other base stations 110 or network nodes (notshown) in the wireless network 100 through various types of backhaulinterfaces, such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network,using any suitable transport network.

The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relaystation is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from anupstream station (e.g., a base station 110 or a UE 120) and send atransmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE 120 or abase station 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relaytransmissions for other UEs 120. In the example shown in FIG. 1 , the BS110 d (e.g., a relay base station) may communicate with the BS 110 a(e.g., a macro base station) and the UE 120 d in order to facilitatecommunication between the BS 110 a and the UE 120 d. A base station 110that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, arelay base station, a relay, or the like.

The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includesbase stations 110 of different types, such as macro base stations, picobase stations, femto base stations, relay base stations, or the like.These different types of base stations 110 may have different transmitpower levels, different coverage areas, and/or different impacts oninterference in the wireless network 100. For example, macro basestations may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts)whereas pico base stations, femto base stations, and relay base stationsmay have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

A network controller 130 may couple to or communicate with a set of basestations 110 and may provide coordination and control for these basestations 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the basestations 110 via a backhaul communication link. The base stations 110may communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wirelessor wireline backhaul communication link.

The UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, andeach UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may include, forexample, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and/or asubscriber unit. A UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone),a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wirelesscommunication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordlessphone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gamingdevice, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, abiometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smartclothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smartring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a musicdevice, a video device, and/or a satellite radio), a vehicular componentor sensor, a smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, aglobal positioning system device, and/or any other suitable device thatis configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) orevolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UEand/or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, a drone, a remotedevice, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and/or a location tag, that maycommunicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device),or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet-of-Things(IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT)devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. AUE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE120, such as processor components and/or memory components. In someexamples, the processor components and the memory components may becoupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one ormore processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may beoperatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled,and/or electrically coupled.

In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in agiven geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support aparticular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may bereferred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. Afrequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or thelike. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic areain order to avoid interference between wireless networks of differentRATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120 a and UE120 e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels(e.g., without using a base station 110 as an intermediary tocommunicate with one another). For example, the UEs 120 may communicateusing peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D)communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which mayinclude a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol), and/or amesh network. In such examples, a UE 120 may perform schedulingoperations, resource selection operations, and/or other operationsdescribed elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station 110.

Devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using theelectromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency orwavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. Forexample, devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using oneor more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have beenidentified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) andFR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although aportion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to(interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents andarticles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard toFR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave”band in documents and articles, despite being different from theextremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identifiedby the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeterwave” band.

The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-bandfrequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band forthese mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectivelyextend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Inaddition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operatingbands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1(52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise,it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if usedherein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz,may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unlessspecifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term“millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly representfrequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2,FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It iscontemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands(e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and/or FR5) may be modified,and techniques described herein are applicable to those modifiedfrequency ranges.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. Asdescribed in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140may estimate, for each beam at one or more beam levels on one or moreantenna panels, an application layer throughput based at least in parton a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, wherein the oneor more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements; generate a set of candidate beams that includes, at each ofthe one or more beam levels, one or more beams for which the respectiveestimated application layer throughput satisfies an application layerthroughput requirement; and select, from the set of candidate beams, aserving beam for which the estimated application layer throughputsatisfies the application layer throughput requirement with a fewestnumber of antenna elements. Additionally, or alternatively, thecommunication manager 140 may perform one or more other operationsdescribed herein.

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 incommunication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordancewith the present disclosure. The base station 110 may be equipped with aset of antennas 234 a through 234 t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252 a through 252 r, such asR antennas (R≥1).

At the base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data, froma data source 212, intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120). Thetransmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and codingschemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or morechannel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE 120. The basestation 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE120 based at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UE 120 and mayprovide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 mayprocess system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioninginformation (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants,and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and controlsymbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols forreference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or ademodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g.,a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronizationsignal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on thedata symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or thereference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbolstreams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems232 (e.g., T modems), shown as modems 232 a through 232 t. For example,each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component(shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use a respectivemodulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g.,for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may furtheruse a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert toanalog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream toobtain a downlink signal. The modems 232 a through 232 t may transmit aset of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a correspondingset of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas), shown as antennas 234 a through234 t.

At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252 a through252 r) may receive the downlink signals from the base station 110 and/orother base stations 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g.,R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems), shown asmodems 254 a through 254 r. For example, each received signal may beprovided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254.Each modem 254 may use a respective demodulator component to condition(e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and/or digitize) a received signalto obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator componentto further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain receivedsymbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modems254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable,and may provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process(e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decodeddata for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded controlinformation and system information to a controller/processor 280. Theterm “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one ormore processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor maydetermine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a receivedsignal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal receivedquality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a CQI parameter, among other examples.In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be includedin a housing 284.

The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, acontroller/processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Thenetwork controller 130 may communicate with the base station 110 via thecommunication unit 294.

One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234 a through 234 t and/or antennas252 a through 252 r) may include, or may be included within, one or moreantenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antennaelements, and/or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. Anantenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or anantenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a singlehousing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a setof non-coplanar antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna elementscoupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such asone or more components of FIG. 2 .

On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive andprocess data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., forreports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from thecontroller/processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may generatereference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols fromthe transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 ifapplicable, further processed by the modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM orCP-OFDM), and transmitted to the base station 110. In some examples, themodem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. Insome examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver mayinclude any combination of the antenna(s) 252, the modem(s) 254, theMIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor264, and/or the TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by aprocessor (e.g., the controller/processor 280) and the memory 282 toperform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., withreference to FIGS. 4A-4B, FIG. 5 , and/or FIG. 6 ).

At the base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and/or other UEsmay be received by the antennas 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., ademodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem 232), detected by aMIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receiveprocessor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by theUE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a datasink 239 and provide the decoded control information to thecontroller/processor 240. The base station 110 may include acommunication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller130 via the communication unit 244. The base station 110 may include ascheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplinkcommunications. In some examples, the modem 232 of the base station 110may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the basestation 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include anycombination of the antenna(s) 234, the modem(s) 232, the MIMO detector236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 220, and/or theTX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g.,the controller/processor 240) and the memory 242 to perform aspects ofany of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to FIGS.4A-4B, FIG. 5 , and/or FIG. 6 ).

The controller/processor 240 of the base station 110, thecontroller/processor 280 of the UE 120, and/or any other component(s) ofFIG. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated withthroughput-constrained beam management, as described in more detailelsewhere herein. For example, the controller/processor 240 of the basestation 110, the controller/processor 280 of the UE 120, and/or anyother component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform or direct operations of, forexample, process 500 of FIG. 5 and/or other processes as describedherein. The memory 242 and the memory 282 may store data and programcodes for the base station 110 and the UE 120, respectively. In someexamples, the memory 242 and/or the memory 282 may include anon-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions(e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. Forexample, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, orafter compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or moreprocessors of the base station 110 and/or the UE 120, may cause the oneor more processors, the UE 120, and/or the base station 110 to performor direct operations of, for example, process 500 of FIG. 5 and/or otherprocesses as described herein. In some examples, executing instructionsmay include running the instructions, converting the instructions,compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, amongother examples.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for estimating, for each beamat one or more beam levels on one or more antenna panels, an applicationlayer throughput based at least in part on an RSRP measurement, whereinthe one or more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements; means for generating a set of candidate beams that includes,at each of the one or more beam levels, one or more beams for which therespective estimated application layer throughput satisfies anapplication layer throughput requirement; and/or means for selecting,from the set of candidate beams, a serving beam for which the estimatedapplication layer throughput satisfies the application layer throughputrequirement with a fewest number of antenna elements. The means for theUE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example,one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMOdetector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMOprocessor 266, controller/processor 280, or memory 282.

While blocks in FIG. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, thefunctions described above with respect to the blocks may be implementedin a single hardware, software, or combination component or in variouscombinations of components. For example, the functions described withrespect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and/orthe TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control ofthe controller/processor 280.

As indicated above, FIG. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 2 .

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating examples 300, 310, 320 of beammanagement procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure. Asshown in FIG. 3 , examples 300, 310, and 320 include a UE 120 incommunication with a base station 110 in a wireless network (e.g.,wireless network 100). However, the devices shown in FIG. 3 are providedas examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beammanagement between other devices (e.g., between a UE 120 and a basestation 110 or transmit receive point (TRP), between a mobiletermination node and a control node, between an integrated access andbackhaul (IAB) child node and an IAB parent node, and/or between ascheduled node and a scheduling node). In some aspects, the UE 120 andthe base station 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., a radio resourcecontrol (RRC) connected state).

As shown in FIG. 3 , example 300 may include a base station 110 and a UE120 communicating to perform beam management using channel stateinformation reference signals (CSI-RSs). Example 300 depicts a firstbeam management procedure (e.g., P1 CSI-RS beam management). The firstbeam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selectionprocedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweepingprocedure, a cell search procedure, and/or a beam search procedure. Asshown in FIG. 3 and example 300, CSI-RSs may be configured to betransmitted from the base station 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may beconfigured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling), semi-persistent(e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE)signaling), and/or aperiodic (e.g., using downlink control information(DCI)).

The first beam management procedure may include the base station 110performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The basestation 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam for beammanagement. To enable the UE 120 to perform receive (Rx) beam sweeping,the base station may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., withrepetitions) each CSI-RS at multiple times within the same CSI-RSresource set so that the UE 120 can sweep through receive beams inmultiple transmission instances. For example, if the base station 110has a set of N transmit beams and the UE 120 has a set of M receivebeams, the CSI-RS may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams Mtimes so that the UE 120 may receive M instances of the CSI-RS pertransmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the basestation 110, the UE 120 may perform beam sweeping through the receivebeams of the UE 120. As a result, the first beam management proceduremay enable the UE 120 to measure a CSI-RS on different transmit beamsusing different receive beams to support selection of base station 110transmit beams/UE 120 receive beam(s) beam pair(s). The UE 120 mayreport the measurements to the base station 110 to enable the basestation 110 to select one or more beam pair(s) for communication betweenthe base station 110 and the UE 120. While example 300 has beendescribed in connection with CSI-RSs, the first beam managementprocedure may also use synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) for beammanagement in a similar manner as described above.

As shown in FIG. 3 , example 310 may include a base station 110 and a UE120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example 310depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., P2 CSI-RS beammanagement). The second beam management procedure may be referred to asa beam refinement procedure, a base station beam refinement procedure, aTRP beam refinement procedure, and/or a transmit beam refinementprocedure. As shown in FIG. 3 and example 310, CSI-RSs may be configuredto be transmitted from the base station 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSsmay be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI). The second beammanagement procedure may include the base station 110 performing beamsweeping over one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beamsmay be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the base station110 (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported bythe UE 120 in connection with the first beam management procedure). Thebase station 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam of theone or more transmit beams for beam management. The UE 120 may measureeach CSI-RS using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam (e.g., determinedbased at least in part on measurements performed in connection with thefirst beam management procedure). The second beam management proceduremay enable the base station 110 to select a best transmit beam based atleast in part on measurements of the CSI-RSs (e.g., measured by the UE120 using the single receive beam) reported by the UE 120.

As shown in FIG. 3 , example 320 depicts a third beam managementprocedure (e.g., P3 CSI-RS beam management). The third beam managementprocedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beamrefinement procedure, and/or a receive beam refinement procedure. Asshown in FIG. 3 and example 320, one or more CSI-RSs may be configuredto be transmitted from the base station 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSsmay be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI). The third beammanagement process may include the base station 110 transmitting the oneor more CSI-RSs using a single transmit beam (e.g., determined based atleast in part on measurements reported by the UE 120 in connection withthe first beam management procedure and/or the second beam managementprocedure). To enable the UE 120 to perform receive beam sweeping, thebase station may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., withrepetitions) CSI-RS at multiple times within the same CSI-RS resourceset so that UE 120 can sweep through one or more receive beams inmultiple transmission instances. The one or more receive beams may be asubset of all receive beams associated with the UE 120 (e.g., determinedbased at least in part on measurements performed in connection with thefirst beam management procedure and/or the second beam managementprocedure). The third beam management procedure may enable the basestation 110 and/or the UE 120 to select a best receive beam based atleast in part on reported measurements received from the UE 120 (e.g.,of the CSI-RS of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams).

In some cases, the UE 120 and the base station 110 may use beamformingto improve performance associated with downlink and/or uplinkcommunication over a millimeter wave (mmW) channel. For example, a mmWchannel (e.g., in FR2 and/or FR4) may suffer from high propagation lossbecause mmW signals have a higher frequency and a shorter wavelengththan various other radio waves used for communications (e.g., sub-6 GHzcommunications in FR1). As a result, mmW signals often have shorterpropagation distances, may be subject to atmospheric attenuation, and/ormay be more easily blocked and/or subject to penetration loss throughobjects or other obstructions, among other examples. For example, a mmWsignal may be reflected by lamp posts, vehicles, glass/windowpanes,and/or metallic objects, may be diffracted by edges or corners ofbuildings and/or walls, and/or may be scattered via irregular objectssuch as walls and/or human bodies (e.g., a hand blocking an antennamodule when a device is operated in a gaming mode). Accordingly,beamforming may be used at both the UE 120 and the base station 110 tocounter the propagation loss in a mmW channel and thereby improveperformance for mmW communication. For example, to achieve a beamforminggain on a downlink, the base station 110 may generate a downlinktransmit beam that is steered in a particular direction and the UE 120may generate a corresponding downlink receive beam. Similarly, toachieve a beamforming gain on an uplink, the UE 120 may generate anuplink transmit beam that is steered in a particular direction and thebase station 110 may generate a corresponding downlink receive beam. Insome cases, the UE 120 may be permitted to select the downlink receivebeam to optimize reception of a downlink transmission from the basestation 110 and/or may be permitted to select the uplink transmit beamto optimize reception at the base station 110 for an uplink transmissionby the UE 120.

When the UE 120 generates a downlink receive beam and/or an uplinktransmit beam, the UE 120 may generally be configured to use a beam witha maximum number of antenna elements on a best antenna panel in order toachieve a maximum beamforming gain. For example, the UE 120 may beequipped with one or more antenna panels that each include multipleantenna elements, where each antenna element may include one or moresub-elements to radiate or receive radio frequency (RF) signals. Forexample, a single antenna element may include a first sub-elementcross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used toindependently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements mayinclude patch antennas, dipole antennas, or other types of antennasarranged in a linear pattern, a two dimensional pattern, or anotherpattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signalswith a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elementsmay interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam). For example,given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing mayprovide a quarter wavelength, half wavelength, or other fraction of awavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow forinteraction or interference of signals transmitted by the separateantenna elements within that expected range. Accordingly, the shape of abeam (e.g., the amplitude, width, and/or presence of side lobes) and thedirection of the beam (e.g., an angle of the beam relative to a surfaceof the antenna panel) can be dynamically controlled to achieve a maximumbeamforming gain by selecting a beam with a largest number of antennaelements on the best antenna panel (e.g., an antenna panel associatedwith strongest RSRP measurements).

However, in some cases, using a beam with a largest or maximum number ofantenna elements and/or using a beam on the best antenna panel may beassociated with one or more drawbacks. For example, power consumption atthe UE 120 may generally be related to the number of antenna elementsused to form a beam, whereby using a beam with a maximum number ofantenna elements may increase power consumption at the UE 120.Furthermore, in cases where the UE 120 generates a downlink receive beamin favorable channel conditions (e.g., low pathloss), the receive chainof the UE 120 may saturate such that using a maximum number of antennaelements increases power consumption without offering any increase tothe achievable beamforming gain (e.g., the same beamforming gain may beachieved using fewer antenna elements). Furthermore, in some cases, thebest antenna panel (in terms of achievable beamforming gain) may not bepreferable due to other constraints at the UE 120. For example, the UE120 may be experiencing a thermal impact (e.g., overheating) in one ormore hardware blocks that coexist with (e.g., are included in or inproximity to) the best antenna panel. In such cases, the UE 120 mayprefer to use a different antenna panel that does not coexist with(e.g., is not included in or in proximity to) the one or more hardwareblocks experiencing the thermal impact in order to control temperaturevia the antenna elements that are used to generate a beam. Additionally,or alternatively, the UE 120 may be subject to one or more maximumpermissible exposure (MPE) restrictions that limit a peak effectiveisotropic radiated power (EIRP) that can be directed toward the humanbody due to potential dangers to human tissue near the UE 120 (e.g.,handheld mobile phones and/or desktop devices that may be used in closeproximity to the user). Accordingly, when one or more beams on the bestantenna panel are subject to an MPE restriction, the UE 120 may preferto generate a transmit beam using a different antenna panel with beamsthat are not subject to an MPE restriction or are subject to lesser MPErestrictions than the beams on the best antenna panel.

However, in some cases, using a beam with a fewer number of antennaelements and/or a beam on an antenna panel other than the best antennapanel may degrade performance (e.g., by reducing the beamforming gainand thereby reducing an uplink or downlink data rate). Accordingly, someaspects described herein relate to techniques and apparatuses to enablethroughput-constrained beam management, where a UE 120 may use a beam ona preferred antenna panel with a minimum number of antenna elements thatcan satisfy an application layer throughput requirement (e.g., arequested or required uplink or downlink data rate). For example, insome aspects, the UE 120 may identify one or more candidate beams on abest antenna panel and/or a preferred antenna panel that can satisfy theapplication layer throughput requirement, and may select a candidatebeam that can satisfy the application layer throughput requirement usinga fewest number of antenna elements. In this way, the UE 120 may selecta serving beam that satisfies the application layer throughputrequirement at a lowest level, which may reduce power consumptionwithout compromising performance. Furthermore, in cases where one ormore beams on the preferred antenna panel (e.g., an antenna panel notsubject to a thermal impact or an MPE restriction) satisfy theapplication layer throughput requirement, the serving beam may be a beamthat can satisfy the application layer throughput requirement with afewest number of antenna elements on the preferred antenna panel. Inthis way, the UE 120 may dynamically control which antenna panel is usedto generate the beam, to mitigate other potential conditions (e.g., athermal impact or an MPE restriction) without compromising performanceby selecting a beam that can satisfy the application layer throughputrequirement on the preferred antenna panel.

As indicated above, FIG. 3 is provided as an example of beam managementprocedures. Other examples of beam management procedures may differ fromwhat is described with respect to FIG. 3 . For example, the UE 120 andthe base station 110 may perform the third beam management procedurebefore performing the second beam management procedure, and/or the UE120 and the base station 110 may perform a similar beam managementprocedure to select a UE transmit beam.

FIGS. 4A-4B are diagrams illustrating an example 400 associated withthroughput-constrained beam management, in accordance with the presentdisclosure. As shown in FIG. 4A, example 400 includes communicationbetween a base station 110 and a UE 120 in a wireless network (e.g.,wireless network 100) via a wireless access link, which may include anuplink and a downlink.

As shown in FIG. 4A, and by reference number 410, the UE 120 maydetermine an application layer throughput requirement and a preferredantenna panel to use to generate a beam for downlink and/or uplinkcommunication. For example, in some aspects, the UE 120 may beconfigured to determine one or more applications that are running on theUE 120, and may determine the application layer throughput requirementbased on a minimum downlink and/or uplink data rate for the one or moreapplications (e.g., in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second(Mbps)). For example, in some aspects, the minimum downlink and/oruplink data rate may be determined based on an application type orcategory. For example, one or more low data rate applications (e.g., webbrowsing or a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call) may beassociated with a first application layer throughput requirement (e.g.,a value in a range from 0 to 10 Mbps), one or more moderate data rateapplications (e.g., video streaming or gaming) may be associated with asecond application layer throughput requirement (e.g., a value in arange from 10 to 100 Mbps), and/or one or more high data rateapplications (e.g., a network speed test or a large file download) maybe associated with a third application layer throughput requirement(e.g., a value above 100 Mbps). Additionally, or alternatively, one ormore applications running on the UE 120 may be associated with anapplication-specific throughput requirement. Accordingly, as describedherein, the UE 120 may generally have a capability to determine one ormore applications that are running on the UE 120 (e.g., includingapplications running in the foreground and/or the background) and todetermine a total application layer throughput requirement (e.g.,downlink and/or uplink data rate) for the running application(s).

Furthermore, in some aspects, the UE 120 may be configured to determinethe preferred antenna panel based at least in part on one or moresettings of the UE 120. For example, in some aspects, the UE 120 mayhave a capability to identify one or more antenna panels that areimpacted by a condition of the UE 120, and may identify the preferredantenna panel to mitigate or otherwise manage the condition of the UE120. For example, in some aspects, the UE 120 may have a capability toidentify one or more hardware blocks that are causing or experiencing athermal impact (e.g., overheating) and to identify one or more antennapanels that coexist with the hardware blocks that are causing orexperiencing the thermal impact. Accordingly, the settings of the UE 120may designate an antenna panel that does not coexist with the hardwareblocks that are causing or experiencing the thermal impact as thepreferred antenna panel until the thermal impact has been adequatelyresolved. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may detect that ahand or other human body part is in proximity to an antenna panel suchthat one or more beams on the antenna panel are subject to an MPErestriction (e.g., to reduce a maximum transmit power via the one ormore beams and/or disallowing the UE 120 from using the one or morebeams subject to the MPE restriction). Accordingly, in this example, thesettings of the UE 120 may designate an antenna panel that is notsubject to the MPE restriction (e.g., an antenna panel facing away fromthe hand or other human body part causing the MPE issue) as thepreferred antenna panel until the MPE issue has been adequatelyresolved. Additionally, or alternatively, the settings of the UE 120 maydesignate the preferred antenna panel to mitigate or manage othersuitable conditions of the UE 120 (e.g., low battery power).

As further shown in FIG. 4A, and by reference number 420, the UE 120 mayuse measurements associated with a set of SSBs transmitted by the basestation 110 to identify a set of candidate beams including one or morecandidate beams on a best antenna panel and/or the preferred antennapanel that can satisfy the application layer throughput requirement. Forexample, the base station 110 may be configured to transmit asynchronization signal (SS) burst set at periodic intervals (e.g., everyX milliseconds), where the SS burst set may include multiple SS bursts,with each SS burst including one or more SSBs that carry a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS),and/or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). In some aspects, multipleSSBs may be included in an SS burst (e.g., with transmission ondifferent beams), and the PSS, the SSS, and/or the PBCH may be the sameacross each SSB in the SS burst. Accordingly, different SSBs may bebeam-formed differently (e.g., transmitted using different beams), andmay be used for cell search, cell acquisition, beam management, and/orbeam selection. For example, in some aspects, the UE 120 may monitorand/or measure SSBs using different receive beams during an initialnetwork access procedure, a beam selection procedure, and/or a beamrefinement procedure, among other examples. Accordingly, because the SSBtransmissions are always-on signaling that the UE 120 can use toidentify strong beams that can satisfy the application layer throughputrequirements, the UE 120 may use RSRP measurements associated with theSSB transmissions to identify the best antenna panel and to identify thecandidate beam(s) on the best antenna panel and/or the preferred antennapanel that can satisfy the application layer throughput requirement.

For example, based on RSRP measurements associated with the SSBtransmissions received by the UE 120, the UE 120 may determine, amongmultiple antenna panels of the UE 120, an antenna panel that provides amaximum beamforming gain. Accordingly, the antenna panel that providesthe maximum beamforming gain may be designated the best antenna panel,which may be the same as or different from the preferred antenna panel.In some aspects, to identify the candidate beams on the best antennapanel and/or the preferred antenna panel, the UE 120 may perform a sweepof all beam levels on the best antenna panel and the preferred antennapanel, where each beam level corresponds to a number of antenna elementsthat are used to generate a beam. For example, if an antenna panelincludes eight (8) antenna elements, the UE 120 may sweep through allbeams at a lowest beam level (e.g., an omnidirectional beam using one(1) antenna element), a next-lowest beam level (e.g., relatively widebeams using two (2) antenna elements), all the way through a highestbeam level (very narrow beams using eight (8) antenna elements).Accordingly, the UE 120 may measure an RSRP associated with an SSBtransmission for each beam at each beam level on both the best antennapanel and the preferred antenna panel, and may use the RSRP measurementassociated with the SSB received via each beam to estimate theapplication layer throughput associated with the respective beam. The UE120 may then generate a set of candidate beams that includes one or morecandidate beams on the best antenna panel and/or the preferred antennapanel that can satisfy the application layer throughput requirement. Forexample, in some aspects, the UE 120 may map the application layerthroughput requirement to an RSRP threshold, and the set of candidatebeams may include up to a configurable number of strong beams on thebest panel and/or the preferred panel with RSRP measurements thatsatisfy the RSRP threshold.

In some aspects, to map the application layer throughput requirement tothe RSRP threshold, the UE 120 may map the application layer throughputrequirement to a physical layer throughput requirement. For example, theUE 120 may scale the application layer throughput requirement accordingto one or more header sizes to determine the physical layer throughputrequirement. For example, the UE 120 may determine a smallest InternetProtocol (IP) packet size that can satisfy the application layerthroughput requirement, and may determine a header size associated witheach IP packet (e.g., a combined header size for a Packet DataConvergence Protocol (PDCP) header, a medium access control (MAC)header, and a radio link control (RLC) header associated with eachpacket). Accordingly, the UE 120 may determine the physical layerthroughput requirement as the sum of the application layer throughputrequirement and the header size, where the application layer throughputrequirement may be scaled according to a parameter, a, that is based onthe application layer throughput requirement (e.g., a may have a valueof 1.07 in an example where a smallest IP packet size is 100 bytes and acombined header size is 7 bytes based on a 3 byte PDCP header, a 2 byteMAC header, and a 2-byte RLC header). Accordingly, the UE 120 maydetermine the physical layer throughput requirement by scaling theapplication layer throughput requirement according to the value of α(e.g., physical layer throughput requirement=α×application layerthroughput requirement), and may then map the physical layer throughputrequirement to a spectral efficiency requirement.

For example, in some aspects, the UE 120 may map the physical layerthroughput requirement to an uplink spectral efficiency requirementand/or a downlink spectral efficiency requirement. For example, anuplink physical layer throughput requirement may be defined as theproduct of the number of active uplink component carriers, an uplinkduty cycle, a resource block (RB) allocation for a given subcarrierspacing, and the uplink spectral efficiency. For example, the UE 120 maymap the physical layer throughput requirement to an uplink spectralefficiency based on an equation of the form:

PHY_(UL)=CC_(UL)×DC_(UL)×N_(RB)×12×SCS×SPEFF_(UL)

where PHY_(UL) is the physical layer throughput requirement, CC_(UL) isthe number of active uplink component carriers (e.g., with a defaultvalue of one (1) assuming a primary component carrier only), DC_(UL) isthe uplink duty cycle (e.g., defined according to an RRC-configured timedivision duplexing (TDD) pattern using a scaling factor, X, where X hasa default value of one (1) and X=½ means that the duty cycle is half ofthe RRC-configured TDD pattern in a two-user scenario), N_(RB) is thefull RB allocation for a given subcarrier spacing (e.g., 66 RBs for a100 MHz bandwidth and a 120 kHz subcarrier spacing), SCS is thesubcarrier spacing (in Hertz (Hz), and SPEFF_(UL) is the uplink spectralefficiency. Similarly, a downlink physical layer throughput requirementmay be defined as the product of the number of active downlink componentcarriers, a downlink duty cycle, the RB allocation for the givensubcarrier spacing, and the downlink spectral efficiency, whereby the UE120 may map the physical layer throughput requirement to a downlinkspectral efficiency based on an equation of the form:

PHY_(DL)=CC_(DL)×DC_(DL)×N_(RB)×12×SCS×SPEFF_(DL)

where PHY_(UL) is the physical layer throughput requirement, CC_(DL) isthe number of active downlink component carriers (e.g., with a defaultvalue of one (1) assuming a primary component carrier only), DC_(DL) isthe downlink duty cycle (e.g., defined according to the RRC-configuredTDD pattern), and SPEFF_(DL) is the downlink spectral efficiency.Accordingly, based on the estimated uplink and/or downlink spectralefficiency requirement, the UE 120 may determine an uplink and/ordownlink signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement as SPEFF=log2(1+sum(SNR_(UL), SNR_(DL))), which may then be mapped to the RSRPthreshold at which an RSRP measurement associated with an SSB satisfiesthe application layer throughput requirement, as follows:

SNR_(DL)=RSRP_(SSB)−(NF_(UE)+10 log₁₀(SCS)+10 log₁₀(num_antennas)−174),

where RSRP_(SSB) is the RSRP measurement of an SSB in decibels (dB),NF_(UE) is a noise figure that measures SNR degradation at the UE 120,num_antennas is a number of antenna elements, and SNR_(DL) is theestimated downlink SNR requirement (in dB). Furthermore, the uplink SNRmay be similarly estimated, except the uplink SNR may further consider amaximum transmit power that may be updated every 10 milliseconds on aper-beam basis based on any MPE impact or other transmit powerconstraints in effect at the UE 120. For example, in some aspects, anuplink SNR requirement may be mapped to the RSRP threshold at which anRSRP measurement associated with an SSB satisfies the application layerthroughput requirement, as follows:

SNR_(UL)=Pmax+RSRP_(SSB)−TXPower_(BS)−(NF_(BS)+10 log₁₀(SCS)−174),

where Pmax is the maximum transmit power associated with the beam,RSRP_(SSB)−TxPower_(BS) defines a path loss between the UE 120 and thebase station 110 based on a difference between the received power of adownlink reference signal and an actual transmit power used by the basestation 110, NF_(BS) is a noise figure that measures SNR degradation atthe base station 110, (NF_(BS)+10 log₁₀(SCS)−174) defines an estimatednoise power at the base station 110, and SNR_(UL) is the uplink SNRrequirement (in dB).

Accordingly, as described herein, the UE 120 may generally sweep allbeam levels on both the best antenna panel and the preferred antennapanel to measure an RSRP associated with an SSB per beam, and may usethe RSRP measurement associated with the SSB received via eachrespective beam to estimate the application layer throughput associatedwith each beam (e.g., using the various equations provided above to mapthe RSRP measurement to an application layer throughput based on one ormore intermediate mappings to an SNR value, a spectral efficiency, and aphysical layer throughput). Additionally, or alternatively, theapplication layer throughput requirement may be mapped to an RSRPthreshold as described above, whereby the RSRP measurement associatedwith the SSB received via each respective beam may be compared with theRSRP threshold.

As further shown in FIG. 4A, and by reference number 430, the UE 120 mayrefine the set of candidate beams based on an estimated spectralefficiency per candidate beam, where the spectral efficiency percandidate beam may be estimated based on one or more CSI-RStransmissions by the base station 110. For example, in some aspects, theUE 120 may sweep through each candidate beam in the set of candidatebeams at one or more CSI-RS occasions, and may estimate a spectralefficiency associated with each CSI-RS transmission (e.g., using thevarious equations provided above) to confirm that the requiredapplication layer throughput can be achieved on the correspondingcandidate beam. For example, in some aspects, the UE 120 may remove,from the set of candidate beams, one or more candidate beams associatedwith an estimated spectral efficiency that fails to satisfy theapplication layer throughput requirement.

As further shown in FIG. 4A, and by reference number 440, the UE 120 mayselect a serving beam to be used for uplink and/or downlinkcommunication. For example, in some aspects, the serving beam may beselected for communication on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH),a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH), and/or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). Insome aspects, in cases where the preferred antenna panel differs fromthe best antenna panel (e.g., due to thermal or MPE mitigation takingprecedence over optimizing an uplink or downlink data rate), the UE 120may determine whether one or more candidate beams on the preferredantenna panel satisfy the application layer throughput requirement. Incases where there is at least one candidate beam on the preferredantenna panel that satisfies the application layer throughputrequirement, the serving beam that is selected by the UE 120 may be acandidate beam on the preferred antenna panel that satisfies theapplication layer throughput requirement at a lowest beam level (e.g.,with a fewest number of antenna elements). Alternatively, in cases whereall of the candidate beams on the preferred antenna panel fail tosatisfy the application layer throughput requirement, the serving beamthat is selected by the UE 120 may be a candidate beam on the bestantenna panel that satisfies the application layer throughputrequirement at a lowest beam level.

For example, FIG. 4B illustrates an example 450 where the preferredantenna panel includes at least one candidate beam that satisfies theapplication layer throughput requirement and an example 460 where thepreferred antenna panel does not include any candidate beams thatsatisfy the application layer throughput requirement. For example, asshown in FIG. 4B, the width of a beam may be related to the number ofantenna elements that are used to form the beam, where a narrower beammay generally be associated with a larger number of antenna elements. Asfurther shown in FIG. 4B, a beam that fails to satisfy the RSRPthreshold mapped to the application layer throughput requirement (e.g.,a beam that is not considered a candidate beam) is shown by a thin solidline, a beam that satisfies the RSRP threshold mapped to the applicationlayer throughput requirement (e.g., a potential candidate beam) is shownby a dashed line, and a beam that satisfies the application layerthroughput requirement with a minimum or fewest number of antennaelements is shown by a thick solid line. As shown in in example 450, thepreferred panel includes a beam that satisfies the application layerthroughput requirement, which may be selected as the serving beam.Alternatively, as shown in example 460, there are no beams on thepreferred panel that satisfy the application layer throughputrequirement, in which case a beam on the best antenna panel thatsatisfies the application layer throughput requirement with a fewestnumber of antenna elements may be selected as the serving beam. In thisway, the UE 120 may select a serving beam that satisfies the applicationlayer throughput requirement at a lowest level, which may reduce powerconsumption without compromising performance. Furthermore, in caseswhere one or more beams on the preferred antenna panel are able tosatisfy the application layer throughput requirement, the serving beammay be selected on the preferred antenna panel to allow the UE 120 tomitigate or manage other potential conditions (e.g., a thermal impact oran MPE restriction) without compromising performance.

As indicated above, FIGS. 4A-4B are provided as an example. Otherexamples may differ from what is described with regard to FIGS. 4A-4B.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example process 500 performed, forexample, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Exampleprocess 500 is an example where the UE (e.g., UE 120) performsoperations associated with techniques for throughput-constrained beammanagement.

As shown in FIG. 5 , in some aspects, process 500 may includeestimating, for each beam at one or more beam levels on one or moreantenna panels, an application layer throughput based at least in parton a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, wherein the oneor more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements (block 510). For example, the UE (e.g., using communicationmanager 140 and/or throughput estimation component 608, depicted in FIG.6 ) may estimate, for each beam at one or more beam levels on one ormore antenna panels, an application layer throughput based at least inpart on an RSRP measurement, wherein the one or more beam levels areeach associated with a number of antenna elements, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 5 , in some aspects, process 500 may includegenerating a set of candidate beams that includes, at each of the one ormore beam levels, one or more beams for which the respective estimatedapplication layer throughput satisfies an application layer throughputrequirement (block 520). For example, the UE (e.g., using communicationmanager 140 and/or beam selection component 612, depicted in FIG. 6 )may generate a set of candidate beams that includes, at each of the oneor more beam levels, one or more beams for which the respectiveestimated application layer throughput satisfies an application layerthroughput requirement, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 5 , in some aspects, process 500 may includeselecting, from the set of candidate beams, a serving beam for which theestimated application layer throughput satisfies the application layerthroughput requirement with a fewest number of antenna elements (block530). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 140 and/orbeam selection component 612, depicted in FIG. 6 ) may select, from theset of candidate beams, a serving beam for which the estimatedapplication layer throughput satisfies the application layer throughputrequirement with a fewest number of antenna elements, as describedabove.

Process 500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the application layer throughput is estimated foreach beam based at least in part on the RSRP measurement associated withan SSB received via the respective beam.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect,process 500 includes estimating a spectral efficiency for each beam inthe set of candidate beams, wherein the serving beam is selected fromone or more beams in the set of candidate beams for which the spectralefficiency satisfies the application layer throughput requirement.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstand second aspects, the spectral efficiency is estimated for each beamin the set of candidate beams based at least in part on a CSI-RSreceived via the respective beam.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through third aspects, the one or more panels include a preferredpanel that is identified based at least in part on one or more settingsof the UE and a best panel associated with a maximum beamforming gain.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fourth aspects, the serving beam is selected from one or morebeams in the set of candidate beams that are on the preferred panelbased at least in part on the preferred panel including at least onebeam for which the estimated application layer throughput satisfies theapplication layer throughput requirement.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fifth aspects, the serving beam is selected from one or morebeams in the set of candidate beams that are on the best panel based atleast in part on the estimated application layer throughput associatedwith each beam on the preferred panel failing to satisfy the applicationlayer throughput requirement.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through sixth aspects, the serving beam is used to communicate onone or more of a PUCCH, a PUSCH, a PDCCH, or a PDSCH.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through seventh aspects, process 500 includes determining, basedat least in part on the application layer throughput requirement, athreshold at which an RSRP measurement associated with a beam satisfiesthe application layer throughput requirement.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough eighth aspects, determining the threshold includes mapping theapplication layer throughput requirement to a physical layer throughputrequirement based at least in part on a scaling factor, and mapping thephysical layer throughput requirement to the threshold.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough ninth aspects, mapping the physical layer throughput requirementto the threshold includes mapping the physical layer throughputrequirement to a spectral efficiency requirement based at least in parton one or more of a number of active component carriers, a TDD pattern,or a subcarrier spacing, and mapping the spectral efficiency requirementto the threshold.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through tenth aspects, mapping the spectral efficiency requirementto the threshold includes mapping the spectral efficiency requirement toan SNR requirement, and mapping the SNR requirement to the threshold.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through eleventh aspects, the SNR requirement includes a downlinkSNR requirement, and the threshold is based at least in part on thedownlink SNR requirement and an estimated noise power at the UE.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through twelfth aspects, the SNR requirement includes an uplinkSNR requirement, and the threshold is based at least in part on theuplink SNR requirement and one or more of a maximum transmit power, atransmit power at a base station, or an estimated noise power at thebase station.

Although FIG. 5 shows example blocks of process 500, in some aspects,process 500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 5 .Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 500may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example apparatus 600 for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus 600 may be a UE, or a UE may include theapparatus 600. In some aspects, the apparatus 600 includes a receptioncomponent 602 and a transmission component 604, which may be incommunication with one another (for example, via one or more busesand/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus 600 maycommunicate with another apparatus 606 (such as a UE, a base station, oranother wireless communication device) using the reception component 602and the transmission component 604. As further shown, the apparatus 600may include the communication manager 140. The communication manager 140may include one or more of a throughput estimation component 608, aspectral efficiency estimation component 610, or a beam selectioncomponent 612, among other examples.

In some aspects, the apparatus 600 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 4A-4B.Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 600 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 500 ofFIG. 5 . In some aspects, the apparatus 600 and/or one or morecomponents shown in FIG. 6 may include one or more components of the UEdescribed in connection with FIG. 2 . Additionally, or alternatively,one or more components shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented within one ormore components described in connection with FIG. 2 . Additionally, oralternatively, one or more components of the set of components may beimplemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. Forexample, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented asinstructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable mediumand executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functionsor operations of the component.

The reception component 602 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 606. The reception component 602may provide received communications to one or more other components ofthe apparatus 600. In some aspects, the reception component 602 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus600. In some aspects, the reception component 602 may include one ormore antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receiveprocessor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof,of the UE described in connection with FIG. 2 .

The transmission component 604 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 606. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 600 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component604 for transmission to the apparatus 606. In some aspects, thetransmission component 604 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 606. In some aspects, the transmission component 604may include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the UE described in connection with FIG. 2 . Insome aspects, the transmission component 604 may be co-located with thereception component 602 in a transceiver.

The throughput estimation component 608 may estimate, for each beam atone or more beam levels on one or more antenna panels, an applicationlayer throughput based at least in part on an RSRP measurement, whereinthe one or more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements. The beam selection component 612 may generate a set ofcandidate beams that includes, at each of the one or more beam levels,one or more beams for which the respective estimated application layerthroughput satisfies an application layer throughput requirement. Thebeam selection component 612 may select, from the set of candidatebeams, a serving beam for which the estimated application layerthroughput satisfies the application layer throughput requirement with afewest number of antenna elements.

The spectral efficiency estimation component 610 may estimate a spectralefficiency for each beam in the set of candidate beams, wherein theserving beam is selected from one or more beams in the set of candidatebeams for which the spectral efficiency satisfies the application layerthroughput requirement.

The throughput estimation component 608 may determine, based at least inpart on the application layer throughput requirement, a threshold atwhich an RSRP measurement associated with a beam satisfies theapplication layer throughput requirement.

The throughput estimation component 608 may map the application layerthroughput requirement to a physical layer throughput requirement basedat least in part on a scaling factor. The throughput estimationcomponent 608 may map the physical layer throughput requirement to thethreshold.

The throughput estimation component 608 may map the physical layerthroughput requirement to a spectral efficiency requirement based atleast in part on one or more of a number of active component carriers, aTDD pattern, or a subcarrier spacing. The throughput estimationcomponent 608 may map the spectral efficiency requirement to thethreshold.

The throughput estimation component 608 may map the spectral efficiencyrequirement to an SNR requirement. The throughput estimation component608 may map the SNR requirement to the threshold.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 6 are provided asan example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 6 . Furthermore, two or more components shownin FIG. 6 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 6 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 6 .

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the presentdisclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a UE,comprising: estimating, for each beam at one or more beam levels on oneor more antenna panels, an application layer throughput based at leastin part on an RSRP measurement, wherein the one or more beam levels areeach associated with a number of antenna elements; generating a set ofcandidate beams that includes, at each of the one or more beam levels,one or more beams for which the respective estimated application layerthroughput satisfies an application layer throughput requirement; andselecting, from the set of candidate beams, a serving beam for which theestimated application layer throughput satisfies the application layerthroughput requirement with a fewest number of antenna elements.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the application layerthroughput is estimated for each beam based at least in part on the RSRPmeasurement associated with an SSB received via the respective beam.

Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, further comprising:estimating a spectral efficiency for each beam in the set of candidatebeams, wherein the serving beam is selected from one or more beams inthe set of candidate beams for which the spectral efficiency satisfiesthe application layer throughput requirement.

Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the spectral efficiency isestimated for each beam in the set of candidate beams based at least inpart on a CSI-RS received via the respective beam.

Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the one or morepanels include a preferred panel that is identified based at least inpart on one or more settings of the UE and a best panel associated witha maximum beamforming gain.

Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the serving beam is selectedfrom one or more beams in the set of candidate beams that are on thepreferred panel based at least in part on the preferred panel includingat least one beam for which the estimated application layer throughputsatisfies the application layer throughput requirement.

Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the serving beam is selectedfrom one or more beams in the set of candidate beams that are on thebest panel based at least in part on the estimated application layerthroughput associated with each beam on the preferred panel failing tosatisfy the application layer throughput requirement.

Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the serving beam isused to communicate on one or more of a PUCCH, a PUSCH, a PDCCH, or aPDSCH.

Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, further comprising:determining, based at least in part on the application layer throughputrequirement, a threshold at which an RSRP measurement associated with abeam satisfies the application layer throughput requirement.

Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, wherein determining the thresholdincludes: mapping the application layer throughput requirement to aphysical layer throughput requirement based at least in part on ascaling factor; and mapping the physical layer throughput requirement tothe threshold.

Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein mapping the physical layerthroughput requirement to the threshold includes: mapping the physicallayer throughput requirement to a spectral efficiency requirement basedat least in part on one or more of a number of active componentcarriers, a time division duplexing pattern, or a subcarrier spacing;and mapping the spectral efficiency requirement to the threshold.

Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, wherein mapping the spectralefficiency requirement to the threshold includes: mapping the spectralefficiency requirement to an SNR requirement; and mapping the SNRrequirement to the threshold.

Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the SNR requirement includesa downlink SNR requirement, and wherein the threshold is based at leastin part on the downlink SNR requirement and an estimated noise power atthe UE.

Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 12-13, wherein the SNRrequirement includes an uplink SNR requirement, and wherein thethreshold is based at least in part on the uplink SNR requirement andone or more of a maximum transmit power, a transmit power at a basestation, or an estimated noise power at the base station.

Aspect 15: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device,comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects1-14.

Aspect 16: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processorsconfigured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-14.

Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at leastone means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-14.

Aspect 18: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-14.

Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one ormore of Aspects 1-14.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but isnot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the preciseforms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light ofthe above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construedas hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software”shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code,code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules,applications, software applications, software packages, routines,subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures,and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software,firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, orotherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardwareand/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent thatsystems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in differentforms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. Theactual specialized control hardware or software code used to implementthese systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, theoperation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are describedherein without reference to specific software code, since those skilledin the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed toimplement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on thedescription herein.

As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context,refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equalto the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to thethreshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or thelike.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of thesefeatures may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claimsand/or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspectsincludes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim inthe claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” alist of items refers to any combination of those items, including singlemembers. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended tocover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination withmultiples of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b,a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b,and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed ascritical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or moreitems and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, asused herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more itemsreferenced in connection with the article “the” and may be usedinterchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, theterms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items andmay be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item isintended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, asused herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intendedto be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify(e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase“based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unlessexplicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” isintended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be usedinterchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g.,if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).

What is claimed is:
 1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication,comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, coupled to the memory,configured to: estimate, for each beam at one or more beam levels on oneor more antenna panels, an application layer throughput based at leastin part on a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, whereinthe one or more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements; generate a set of candidate beams that includes, at each ofthe one or more beam levels, one or more beams for which the respectiveestimated application layer throughput satisfies an application layerthroughput requirement; and select, from the set of candidate beams, aserving beam for which the estimated application layer throughputsatisfies the application layer throughput requirement with a fewestnumber of antenna elements.
 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein theapplication layer throughput is estimated for each beam based at leastin part on the RSRP measurement associated with a synchronization signalblock (SSB) received via the respective beam.
 3. The UE of claim 1,wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: estimate aspectral efficiency for each beam in the set of candidate beams, whereinthe serving beam is selected from one or more beams in the set ofcandidate beams for which the spectral efficiency satisfies theapplication layer throughput requirement.
 4. The UE of claim 3, whereinthe spectral efficiency is estimated for each beam in the set ofcandidate beams based at least in part on a channel state informationreference signal (CSI-RS) received via the respective beam.
 5. The UE ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more panels include a preferred panel thatis identified based at least in part on one or more settings of the UEand a best panel associated with a maximum beamforming gain.
 6. The UEof claim 5, wherein the serving beam is selected from one or more beamsin the set of candidate beams that are on the preferred panel based atleast in part on the preferred panel including at least one beam forwhich the estimated application layer throughput satisfies theapplication layer throughput requirement.
 7. The UE of claim 5, whereinthe serving beam is selected from one or more beams in the set ofcandidate beams that are on the best panel based at least in part on theestimated application layer throughput associated with each beam on thepreferred panel failing to satisfy the application layer throughputrequirement.
 8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the serving beam is used tocommunicate on one or more of a physical uplink control channel, aphysical uplink shared channel, a physical downlink control channel, ora physical downlink shared channel.
 9. The UE of claim 1, wherein theone or more processors are further configured to: determine, based atleast in part on the application layer throughput requirement, athreshold at which an RSRP measurement associated with a beam satisfiesthe application layer throughput requirement.
 10. The UE of claim 9,wherein the one or more processors, to determine the threshold, areconfigured to: map the application layer throughput requirement to aphysical layer throughput requirement based at least in part on ascaling factor; and map the physical layer throughput requirement to thethreshold.
 11. The UE of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors,to map the physical layer throughput requirement to the threshold, areconfigured to: map the physical layer throughput requirement to aspectral efficiency requirement based at least in part on one or more ofa number of active component carriers, a time division duplexingpattern, or a subcarrier spacing; and map the spectral efficiencyrequirement to the threshold.
 12. The UE of claim 11, wherein the one ormore processors, to map the spectral efficiency requirement to thethreshold, are configured to: map the spectral efficiency requirement toa signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement; and map the SNR requirementto the threshold.
 13. The UE of claim 12, wherein the SNR requirementincludes a downlink SNR requirement, and wherein the threshold is basedat least in part on the downlink SNR requirement and an estimated noisepower at the UE.
 14. The UE of claim 12, wherein the SNR requirementincludes an uplink SNR requirement, and wherein the threshold is basedat least in part on the uplink SNR requirement and one or more of amaximum transmit power, a transmit power at a base station, or anestimated noise power at the base station.
 15. A method of wirelesscommunication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:estimating, for each beam at one or more beam levels on one or moreantenna panels, an application layer throughput based at least in parton a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, wherein the oneor more beam levels are each associated with a number of antennaelements; generating a set of candidate beams that includes, at each ofthe one or more beam levels, one or more beams for which the respectiveestimated application layer throughput satisfies an application layerthroughput requirement; and selecting, from the set of candidate beams,a serving beam for which the estimated application layer throughputsatisfies the application layer throughput requirement with a fewestnumber of antenna elements.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein theapplication layer throughput is estimated for each beam based at leastin part on the RSRP measurement associated with a synchronization signalblock (SSB) received via the respective beam.
 17. The method of claim15, further comprising: estimating a spectral efficiency for each beamin the set of candidate beams, wherein the serving beam is selected fromone or more beams in the set of candidate beams for which the spectralefficiency satisfies the application layer throughput requirement. 18.The method of claim 17, wherein the spectral efficiency is estimated foreach beam in the set of candidate beams based at least in part on achannel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received via therespective beam.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or morepanels include a preferred panel that is identified based at least inpart on one or more settings of the UE and a best panel associated witha maximum beamforming gain.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein theserving beam is selected from one or more beams in the set of candidatebeams that are on the preferred panel based at least in part on thepreferred panel including at least one beam for which the estimatedapplication layer throughput satisfies the application layer throughputrequirement.
 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the serving beam isselected from one or more beams in the set of candidate beams that areon the best panel based at least in part on the estimated applicationlayer throughput associated with each beam on the preferred panelfailing to satisfy the application layer throughput requirement.
 22. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the serving beam is used to communicate onone or more of a physical uplink control channel, a physical uplinkshared channel, a physical downlink control channel, or a physicaldownlink shared channel.
 23. The method of claim 15, further comprising:determining, based at least in part on the application layer throughputrequirement, a threshold at which an RSRP measurement associated with abeam satisfies the application layer throughput requirement.
 24. Themethod of claim 23, wherein determining the threshold includes: mappingthe application layer throughput requirement to a physical layerthroughput requirement based at least in part on a scaling factor; andmapping the physical layer throughput requirement to the threshold. 25.The method of claim 24, wherein mapping the physical layer throughputrequirement to the threshold includes: mapping the physical layerthroughput requirement to a spectral efficiency requirement based atleast in part on one or more of a number of active component carriers, atime division duplexing pattern, or a subcarrier spacing; and mappingthe spectral efficiency requirement to the threshold.
 26. The method ofclaim 25, wherein mapping the spectral efficiency requirement to thethreshold includes: mapping the spectral efficiency requirement to asignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement; and mapping the SNR requirementto the threshold.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the SNRrequirement includes a downlink SNR requirement, and wherein thethreshold is based at least in part on the downlink SNR requirement andan estimated noise power at the UE.
 28. The method of claim 26, whereinthe SNR requirement includes an uplink SNR requirement, and wherein thethreshold is based at least in part on the uplink SNR requirement andone or more of a maximum transmit power, a transmit power at a basestation, or an estimated noise power at the base station.
 29. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructionsfor wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising: one ormore instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of auser equipment (UE), cause the UE to: estimate, for each beam at one ormore beam levels on one or more antenna panels, an application layerthroughput based at least in part on a reference signal received power(RSRP) measurement, wherein the one or more beam levels are eachassociated with a number of antenna elements; generate a set ofcandidate beams that includes, at each of the one or more beam levels,one or more beams for which the respective estimated application layerthroughput satisfies an application layer throughput requirement; andselect, from the set of candidate beams, a serving beam for which theestimated application layer throughput satisfies the application layerthroughput requirement with a fewest number of antenna elements.
 30. Anapparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for estimating,for each beam at one or more beam levels on one or more antenna panels,an application layer throughput based at least in part on a referencesignal received power (RSRP) measurement, wherein the one or more beamlevels are each associated with a number of antenna elements; means forgenerating a set of candidate beams that includes, at each of the one ormore beam levels, one or more beams for which the respective estimatedapplication layer throughput satisfies an application layer throughputrequirement; and means for selecting, from the set of candidate beams, aserving beam for which the estimated application layer throughputsatisfies the application layer throughput requirement with a fewestnumber of antenna elements.